Big Integer Arithmetic

Limb-array addition with carry · schoolbook O(n²) vs Karatsuba O(n^1.585) multiplication. Base shown small for clarity.

A B base Speed

Step: 0 / 0 Limb mults: 0 Carries: 0 Mode: addition

Limb-Array Addition

active carry result low half high half

Step Explanation

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Big-O

Operation	Time
Add / Subtract	`O(n)`
Compare	`O(n)`
Schoolbook ×	`O(n²)`
Karatsuba ×	`O(n^1.585)`
Toom-3 ×	`O(n^1.465)`
FFT / NTT ×	`O(n log n)`
Long division	`O(n·m)`

Operation Log

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